Wastewater generated during the leather manufacturing process contains a large amount of pollutants such as organic matter, heavy metals, grease and suspended solids, which have a serious impact on the environment. In order to effectively treat leather wastewater, the following process flow is usually adopted:
1. Pretreatment: The wastewater is preliminarily treated to remove large particles of suspended solids and solid matter. This can be achieved through equipment such as screens, sedimentation tanks or physical filters.
2. Adjusting pH: Leather wastewater usually has a low pH value and requires pH adjustment. By adding acidic or alkaline substances, the pH value is adjusted to a suitable range for subsequent treatment steps.
3. Biological treatment: Use biological treatment methods to degrade organic matter in wastewater. This can be achieved through bioreactors such as activated sludge method, biofilm method or biofilter. In these reactors, microorganisms convert organic matter into harmless substances, and appropriate oxygen and temperature conditions are also required to promote the activity of microorganisms.
4. Sedimentation and flocculation: After biological treatment, there may still be some residual suspended matter and colloidal particles in the wastewater. By adding flocculants, these particles are aggregated into larger clumps, which are then precipitated using a sedimentation tank or precipitator.
5. Activated carbon adsorption: Wastewater may contain some organic matter, pigments and odorous substances, which can be removed by activated carbon adsorption. The wastewater is passed through an activated carbon bed or activated carbon column so that the organic matter in it is adsorbed on the surface of the activated carbon, thereby purifying the wastewater.
6. Deep treatment: For wastewater treated in the previous steps, if it still contains high concentrations of pollutants, further deep treatment methods such as reverse osmosis, ion exchange or advanced oxidation can be used to meet emission standards.
7. Residue treatment: During the wastewater treatment process, sludge or other residues generated need to be treated. Sludge is usually treated by filtration, concentration, drying and other methods to reduce volume and treatment costs.
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