With the rapid development of my country's economy, the continuous improvement of industrial production and people's living standards, the discharge of industrial sewage and domestic sewage is increasing day by day, and sewage treatment has become one of the focuses of current environmental protection work. In the sewage treatment process, catalysts play a vital role as a substance that can accelerate the rate of chemical reactions, reduce energy consumption and reduce pollutant emissions.
1. The necessity of catalysts in wastewater treatment
1. Current status of sewage treatment
In recent years, my country's water environment pollution problem has become increasingly serious, among which industrial sewage and domestic sewage are the main sources of pollution. According to statistics, billions of tons of industrial and domestic sewage are discharged into the environment every year in my country, leading to deterioration of water quality and ecological imbalance, seriously threatening human survival and development. Therefore, strengthening sewage treatment work and improving sewage treatment efficiency are issues that the World Office is currently waiting to solve.
2. Advantages of catalysts in wastewater treatment
(1) Increase the reaction rate: Catalysts can significantly increase the rate of chemical reactions in sewage treatment, shorten the reaction time, and improve treatment efficiency.
(2) Reduce energy consumption: During the sewage treatment process, catalysts can reduce reaction activation energy, reduce energy consumption, and reduce treatment costs.
(3) Reduce pollutant emissions: Catalysts can effectively degrade harmful substances in sewage, reduce pollutant emissions, and reduce environmental pressure.
(4) Improve the treatment effect: Catalysts can improve the sewage treatment effect, so that the treated water quality can meet the discharge standards, which is beneficial to environmental protection.
2. Application of catalysts in wastewater treatment
1. Redox catalyst
Redox catalysts are widely used in wastewater treatment, mainly used for degradation of organic pollutants, decolorization, deodorization, etc. Commonly used redox catalysts include: ozone, potassium ferrate, etc.
(1) Ozone catalyst: Ozone has strong oxidizing properties and can oxidize organic microorganisms and heavy metal ions in sewage. Under the action of ozone catalyst, pollutants in sewage are oxidized and decomposed to achieve the purpose of purifying water quality.
(2)Catalyst: has strong oxidizing properties and can oxidize organic matter, sulfide, cyanide and other pollutants in sewage. The research and application of catalysts mainly focuses on catalyst preparation, activity evaluation and reaction mechanism.
(3) Dioxide gas catalyst: dioxide has strong oxidizing properties and can oxidize organic matter, sulfide, cyanide and other pollutants in sewage. The research and application of catalysts mainly focus on
In terms of catalyst preparation, activity evaluation and reaction mechanism.
(4) Potassium ferrate catalyst: Potassium ferrate has strong oxidizing properties and can oxidize organic matter, sulfide, cyanide and other pollutants in sewage. The research and application of potassium ferrate catalysts mainly focuses on catalyst preparation, activity evaluation and reaction mechanism.
2.Biocatalyst
Biocatalysts have the characteristics of environmental protection, high efficiency, and low energy consumption in sewage treatment, and are widely used in biodegradation, bioadsorption, bioconversion and other processes. Commonly used biocatalysts include enzymes, microorganisms, biofilms, etc.
(1) Enzyme catalyst: Enzyme is a biological macromolecule with efficient catalytic effect, which can catalyze the degradation of organic matter in sewage. The research and application of enzyme catalysts mainly focuses on enzyme screening, immobilization, activity evaluation and reaction mechanism.
(2) Microbial catalyst: Microorganisms play an important role in sewage treatment and can degrade organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and other pollutants in sewage. The research and application of microbial catalysts mainly focuses on the screening, culture, immobilization, activity evaluation and reaction mechanism of microorganisms.
(3) Biofilm catalyst: Biofilm is a biological material with efficient catalytic effect that can catalyze the degradation of organic matter in sewage. The research and application of biofilm catalysts mainly focuses on the preparation, immobilization, activity evaluation and reaction mechanism of biofilms.
3. Research progress of catalysts in wastewater treatment
1. Preparation and modification of catalysts
In order to improve the performance of the catalyst, researchers have conducted in-depth research on the preparation and modification of the catalyst. Mainly include: catalyst carrier selection, catalyst active component loading, catalyst morphology control, catalyst surface modification, etc.
2. Catalyst activity evaluation and reaction mechanism
Evaluating the activity of catalysts is the basis for studying the application of catalysts in wastewater treatment. By evaluating the activity of the catalyst, the researchers revealed the reaction mechanism of the catalyst in wastewater treatment, providing a theoretical basis for the optimization and application of the catalyst.
3. Catalyst recovery and regeneration
Catalyst recovery and regeneration is the key to improving the application of catalysts in wastewater treatment. Researchers have reduced the cost of catalyst use and improved the application prospects of catalysts in sewage treatment by studying the recovery and regeneration of catalysts.
4. Summary
Catalysts play an important role in sewage treatment. They can improve treatment efficiency, reduce energy consumption, reduce pollutant emissions, and are beneficial to environmental protection. With the continuous development of science and technology, the application of catalysts in sewage treatment will become more and more extensive, making more contributions to the protection of water environment.
Great contribution.
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